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@ -8,18 +8,18 @@ Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, Ga. 30332 |
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All Rights Reserved |
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PROJECT A-8503-405 |
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AUTHORS |
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AUTHORS |
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24 Apr 1991 Jeffrey P. Murray |
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MODIFICATIONS |
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MODIFICATIONS |
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24 Apr 1991 Jeffrey P. Murray |
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26 Sep 1991 Jeffrey P. Murray |
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SUMMARY |
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@ -27,19 +27,19 @@ SUMMARY |
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code model. |
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INTERFACES |
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INTERFACES |
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FILE ROUTINE CALLED |
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FILE ROUTINE CALLED |
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CMmacros.h cm_message_send(); |
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CMmacros.h cm_message_send(); |
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CMutil.c void cm_smooth_corner(); |
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CMutil.c void cm_smooth_corner(); |
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REFERENCED FILES |
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Inputs from and outputs to ARGS structure. |
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NON-STANDARD FEATURES |
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@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ NON-STANDARD FEATURES |
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#include "core.h" |
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/*=== CONSTANTS ========================*/ |
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@ -62,27 +62,38 @@ NON-STANDARD FEATURES |
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/*=== LOCAL VARIABLES & TYPEDEFS =======*/ |
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/*=== LOCAL VARIABLES & TYPEDEFS =======*/ |
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typedef struct { |
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double *H_array; /* the storage array for the |
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control vector (cntl_array) */ |
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double *B_array; /* the storage array for the |
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pulse width array (pw_array) */ |
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Boolean_t tran_init; /* for initialization of phase1) */ |
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} Local_Data_t; |
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/*=== FUNCTION PROTOTYPE DEFINITIONS ===*/ |
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/*============================================================================== |
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FUNCTION cm_core() |
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AUTHORS |
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AUTHORS |
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24 Apr 1991 Jeffrey P. Murray |
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MODIFICATIONS |
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MODIFICATIONS |
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24 Apr 1991 Jeffrey P. Murray |
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26 Sep 1991 Jeffrey P. Murray |
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@ -91,21 +102,21 @@ SUMMARY |
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This function implements the core code model. |
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INTERFACES |
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INTERFACES |
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FILE ROUTINE CALLED |
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FILE ROUTINE CALLED |
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CMmacros.h cm_message_send(); |
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CMmacros.h cm_message_send(); |
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CMutil.c void cm_smooth_corner(); |
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CMutil.c void cm_smooth_corner(); |
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RETURNED VALUE |
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Returns inputs and outputs via ARGS structure. |
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GLOBAL VARIABLES |
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NONE |
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NON-STANDARD FEATURES |
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@ -117,51 +128,51 @@ NON-STANDARD FEATURES |
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#include <stdlib.h> |
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/*=== CM_CORE ROUTINE ===*/ |
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/*******************************************************************/ |
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/* */ |
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/* CORE Model: */ |
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/* */ |
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/* */ |
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/* CORE Model: */ |
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/* */ |
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/* The core model is designed to operate in one of two modes. */ |
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/* The first of these, and the one most likely to be used by */ |
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/* the engineer, is a modified version of the pwl model. This */ |
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/* behavior occurs when the model is in pwl mode (the default). */ |
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/* If the model is set to hyst mode, its behavior mimics that of */ |
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/* the hysteresis block. The following provides additional */ |
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/* detail: */ |
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/* */ |
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/* detail: */ |
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/* */ |
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/* PWL Mode */ |
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/* */ |
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/* */ |
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/* In pwl mode, the core model is a modified version of the */ |
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/* PWL model... */ |
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/* it has a single two-terminal input/output, and accepts as */ |
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/* input the mmf value, represented by a voltage. Its output is */ |
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/* a flux value, which is represented as a current. Additional */ |
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/* inputs include the cross-sectional area of the physical */ |
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/* core, and the median length of the core, seen from the */ |
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/* perspective of the flux that traverses it. */ |
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/* */ |
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/* it has a single two-terminal input/output, and accepts as */ |
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/* input the mmf value, represented by a voltage. Its output is */ |
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/* a flux value, which is represented as a current. Additional */ |
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/* inputs include the cross-sectional area of the physical */ |
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/* core, and the median length of the core, seen from the */ |
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/* perspective of the flux that traverses it. */ |
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/* */ |
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/* The core model in pwl mode DOES NOT include hysteresis... */ |
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/* current thinking is that such provides */ |
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/* little benefit to the designer, aside from the ability to */ |
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/* calculate eddy losses in a modeled device...the nonlinear */ |
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/* B vs. H behavior, however, is of great importance. */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Note that the user must input a piece-wise-linear */ |
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/* description, in the form of a series of coordinate B vs. H */ |
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/* values, in order to model a particular core material type. */ |
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/* Such curves may be found in textbooks, or from manufacturer's */ |
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/* databooks. In this model, the "x" values are assumed to */ |
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/* represent the magnetic field (H), and the "y" values are */ |
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/* assumed to represent the flux density (B). */ |
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/* */ |
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/* little benefit to the designer, aside from the ability to */ |
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/* calculate eddy losses in a modeled device...the nonlinear */ |
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/* B vs. H behavior, however, is of great importance. */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Note that the user must input a piece-wise-linear */ |
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/* description, in the form of a series of coordinate B vs. H */ |
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/* values, in order to model a particular core material type. */ |
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/* Such curves may be found in textbooks, or from manufacturer's */ |
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/* databooks. In this model, the "x" values are assumed to */ |
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/* represent the magnetic field (H), and the "y" values are */ |
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/* assumed to represent the flux density (B). */ |
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/* */ |
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/* Hyst Mode */ |
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/* */ |
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/* */ |
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/* In hyst mode, the core model is a modified version of the */ |
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/* HYST code model... */ |
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/* it has a single two-terminal input/output, and accepts as */ |
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/* input the mmf value, represented by a voltage. Its output is */ |
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/* a flux value, which is represented as a current. Additional */ |
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/* it has a single two-terminal input/output, and accepts as */ |
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/* input the mmf value, represented by a voltage. Its output is */ |
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/* a flux value, which is represented as a current. Additional */ |
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/* inputs include the input high and low values for the */ |
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/* hysteretic behavior, and the output high and low values. */ |
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/* Also, a value of hysteresis must be included, as must an */ |
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@ -176,12 +187,12 @@ NON-STANDARD FEATURES |
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/* the hysteresis capability will be of only nominal benefit to */ |
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/* the engineer, as it will not typically allow for as accurate */ |
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/* tailoring of the response as is possible in the pwl mode. */ |
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/* */ |
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/* 4/24/91 J.P.Murray */ |
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/* Last modified: 10/24/91 */ |
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/* */ |
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/* 4/24/91 J.P.Murray */ |
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/* Last modified: 10/24/91 */ |
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/*******************************************************************/ |
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void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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inputs, outputs, etc. */ |
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{ |
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@ -213,7 +224,7 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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double length; /* length of core (in meters) */ |
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Mif_Complex_t ac_gain; |
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char *allocation_error="\n***ERROR***\nCORE: Allocation calloc failed!\n"; |
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char *limit_error="\n***ERROR***\nCORE: Violation of 50% rule in breakpoints!\n"; |
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@ -222,34 +233,33 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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/*** The following declarations pertain to HYSTERESIS mode... ***/ |
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double in, /* input to hysteresis block */ |
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out, /* output from hysteresis block */ |
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in_low, /* lower input value for hyst=0 at which |
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the transfer curve changes from constant |
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out, /* output from hysteresis block */ |
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in_low, /* lower input value for hyst=0 at which |
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the transfer curve changes from constant |
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to linear */ |
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in_high, /* upper input value for hyst=0 at which |
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the transfer curve changes from constant |
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in_high, /* upper input value for hyst=0 at which |
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the transfer curve changes from constant |
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to linear */ |
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hyst, /* the hysteresis value (see above diagram) */ |
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out_lower_limit, /* the minimum output value from the block */ |
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out_upper_limit, /* the maximum output value from the block */ |
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slope, /* calculated rise and fall slope for the block */ |
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pout_pin, /* partial derivative of output w.r.t. input */ |
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x_rise_linear, /* = in_low + hyst */ |
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x_rise_zero, /* = in_high + hyst */ |
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x_fall_linear, /* = in_high - hyst */ |
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x_fall_zero; /* = in_low - hyst */ |
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Boolean_t *hyst_state, /* TRUE => input is on lower leg of |
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hyst, /* the hysteresis value (see above diagram) */ |
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out_lower_limit, /* the minimum output value from the block */ |
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out_upper_limit, /* the maximum output value from the block */ |
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slope, /* calculated rise and fall slope for the block */ |
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pout_pin, /* partial derivative of output w.r.t. input */ |
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x_rise_linear, /* = in_low + hyst */ |
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x_rise_zero, /* = in_high + hyst */ |
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x_fall_linear, /* = in_high - hyst */ |
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x_fall_zero; /* = in_low - hyst */ |
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Boolean_t *hyst_state, /* TRUE => input is on lower leg of |
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hysteresis curve, between -infinity |
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and in_high + hyst. |
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FALSE => input is on upper leg |
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of hysteresis curve, between |
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of hysteresis curve, between |
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in_low - hyst and +infinity */ |
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*old_hyst_state; /* previous value of *hyst_state */ |
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*old_hyst_state; /* previous value of *hyst_state */ |
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Local_Data_t *loc; /* Pointer to local static data, not to be included |
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in the state vector */ |
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/* Retrieve mode parameter... */ |
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@ -261,7 +271,7 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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/******** pwl mode *****************/ |
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if ( HYSTERESIS != mode ) { |
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if ( HYSTERESIS != mode ) { |
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/* Retrieve frequently used parameters... */ |
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@ -269,43 +279,53 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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area = PARAM(area); |
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length = PARAM(length); |
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size = PARAM_SIZE(H_array); |
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size = PARAM_SIZE(H_array); |
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/* Allocate storage for breakpoint domain & range values */ |
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H = (double *) calloc((size_t) size, sizeof(double)); |
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if (!H) { |
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cm_message_send(allocation_error); |
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return; |
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} |
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B = (double *) calloc((size_t) size, sizeof(double)); |
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if (!B) { |
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cm_message_send(allocation_error); |
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return; |
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if(INIT==1) { |
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/*** allocate static storage for *loc ***/ |
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STATIC_VAR (locdata) = calloc (1 , sizeof ( Local_Data_t )); |
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loc = STATIC_VAR (locdata); |
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/* Allocate storage for breakpoint domain & range values */ |
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H = loc->H_array = (double *) calloc((size_t) size, sizeof(double)); |
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if (!H) { |
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cm_message_send(allocation_error); |
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return; |
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} |
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B = loc->B_array = (double *) calloc((size_t) size, sizeof(double)); |
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if (!B) { |
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cm_message_send(allocation_error); |
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return; |
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} |
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} |
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loc = STATIC_VAR (locdata); |
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H = loc->H_array; |
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B = loc->B_array; |
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/* Retrieve H and B values. */ |
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/* Retrieve H and B values. */ |
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for (i=0; i<size; i++) { |
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*(H+i) = PARAM(H_array[i]); |
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*(B+i) = PARAM(B_array[i]); |
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} |
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} |
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/* See if input_domain is absolute...if so, test against */ |
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/* breakpoint segments for violation of 50% rule... */ |
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if (PARAM(fraction) == MIF_FALSE) { |
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for (i=0; i<(size-1); i++) { |
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for (i=0; i<(size-1); i++) { |
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if ( (*(H+i+1) - *(H+i)) < (2.0*input_domain) ) { |
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cm_message_send(limit_error); |
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return; |
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} |
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cm_message_send(limit_error); |
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return; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/* Retrieve mmf_input value. */ |
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/* Retrieve mmf_input value. */ |
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mmf_input = INPUT(mc); |
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/* Calculate H_input value from mmf_input... */ |
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H_input = mmf_input / length; |
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@ -316,23 +336,21 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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if (H_input <= (*(H+1) + *H)/2.0) {/*** H_input below lowest midpoint ***/ |
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dout_din = (*(B+1) - *B)/(*(H+1) - *H); |
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B_out = *B + (H_input - *H) * dout_din; |
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} |
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else { |
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if (H_input >= (*(H+size-2) + *(H+size-1))/2.0) { |
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/*** H_input above highest midpoint ***/ |
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} else { |
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if (H_input >= (*(H+size-2) + *(H+size-1))/2.0) { |
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/*** H_input above highest midpoint ***/ |
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dout_din = (*(B+size-1) - *(B+size-2)) / |
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(*(H+size-1) - *(H+size-2)); |
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(*(H+size-1) - *(H+size-2)); |
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B_out = *(B+size-1) + (H_input - *(H+size-1)) * dout_din; |
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} |
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else { /*** H_input within bounds of end midpoints... ***/ |
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/*** must determine position progressively & then ***/ |
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/*** calculate required output. ***/ |
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} else { /*** H_input within bounds of end midpoints... ***/ |
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/*** must determine position progressively & then ***/ |
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/*** calculate required output. ***/ |
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for (i=1; i<size; i++) { |
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if (H_input < (*(H+i) + *(H+i+1))/2.0) { |
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/* approximate position known... */ |
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if (H_input < (*(H+i) + *(H+i+1))/2.0) { |
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/* approximate position known... */ |
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lower_seg = (*(H+i) - *(H+i-1)); |
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upper_seg = (*(H+i+1) - *(H+i)); |
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@ -340,17 +358,17 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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/* Calculate input_domain about this region's breakpoint.*/ |
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if (PARAM(fraction) == MIF_TRUE) { /* Translate input_domain */ |
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/* into an absolute.... */ |
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/* into an absolute.... */ |
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if ( lower_seg <= upper_seg ) /* Use lower */ |
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/* segment */ |
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/* for % calc.*/ |
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/* segment */ |
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/* for % calc.*/ |
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input_domain = input_domain * lower_seg; |
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else /* Use upper */ |
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/* segment */ |
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/* for % calc.*/ |
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/* segment */ |
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/* for % calc.*/ |
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input_domain = input_domain * upper_seg; |
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} |
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} |
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/* Set up threshold values about breakpoint... */ |
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threshold_lower = *(H+i) - input_domain; |
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threshold_upper = *(H+i) + input_domain; |
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@ -360,29 +378,27 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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if (H_input < threshold_lower) { /* Lower linear region */ |
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dout_din = (*(B+i) - *(B+i-1))/lower_seg; |
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B_out = *(B+i) + (H_input - *(H+i)) * dout_din; |
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} |
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else { |
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} else { |
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if (H_input < threshold_upper) { /* Parabolic region */ |
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lower_slope = (*(B+i) - *(B+i-1))/lower_seg; |
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upper_slope = (*(B+i+1) - *(B+i))/upper_seg; |
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cm_smooth_corner(H_input,*(H+i),*(B+i),input_domain, |
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lower_slope,upper_slope,&B_out,&dout_din); |
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} |
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else { /* Upper linear region */ |
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lower_slope,upper_slope,&B_out,&dout_din); |
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} else { /* Upper linear region */ |
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dout_din = (*(B+i+1) - *(B+i))/upper_seg; |
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B_out = *(B+i) + (H_input - *(H+i)) * dout_din; |
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} |
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} |
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break; /* Break search loop...H_input has been found, */ |
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/* and B_out and dout_din have been assigned. */ |
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/* and B_out and dout_din have been assigned. */ |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/* Calculate value of flux_out... */ |
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flux_out = B_out * area; |
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/* Adjust dout_din value to reflect area and length multipliers... */ |
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dout_din = dout_din * area / length; |
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@ -391,54 +407,51 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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if(ANALYSIS != MIF_AC) { /* Output DC & Transient Values */ |
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OUTPUT(mc) = flux_out; |
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PARTIAL(mc,mc) = dout_din; |
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} |
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else { /* Output AC Gain */ |
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} else { /* Output AC Gain */ |
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ac_gain.real = dout_din; |
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ac_gain.imag= 0.0; |
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AC_GAIN(mc,mc) = ac_gain; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/******** hysteresis mode ******************/ |
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else { |
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else { |
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/** Retrieve frequently used parameters... **/ |
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in_low = PARAM(in_low); |
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in_high = PARAM(in_high); |
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hyst = PARAM(hyst); |
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out_lower_limit = PARAM(out_lower_limit); |
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out_upper_limit = PARAM(out_upper_limit); |
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out_upper_limit = PARAM(out_upper_limit); |
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input_domain = PARAM(input_domain); |
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/** Calculate Hysteresis Linear Region Slopes & Derived Values **/ |
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/* Define slope of rise and fall lines when not being smoothed */ |
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slope = (out_upper_limit - out_lower_limit)/(in_high - in_low); |
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x_rise_linear = in_low + hyst; /* Breakpoint - x rising to |
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slope = (out_upper_limit - out_lower_limit)/(in_high - in_low); |
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x_rise_linear = in_low + hyst; /* Breakpoint - x rising to |
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linear region */ |
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x_rise_zero = in_high + hyst; /* Breakpoint - x rising to |
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x_rise_zero = in_high + hyst; /* Breakpoint - x rising to |
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zero-slope (out_upper_limit) */ |
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x_fall_linear = in_high - hyst; /* Breakpoint - x falling to |
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x_fall_linear = in_high - hyst; /* Breakpoint - x falling to |
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linear region */ |
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x_fall_zero = in_low - hyst; /* Breakpoint - x falling to |
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x_fall_zero = in_low - hyst; /* Breakpoint - x falling to |
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zero-slope (out_lower_limit) */ |
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/* Set range to absolute value */ |
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if (PARAM(fraction) == MIF_TRUE) |
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if (PARAM(fraction) == MIF_TRUE) |
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input_domain = input_domain * (in_high - in_low); |
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/** Retrieve frequently used inputs... **/ |
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in = INPUT(mc); |
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@ -449,31 +462,29 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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/* First pass...allocate storage for previous state. */ |
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/* Also, calculate roughly where the current output */ |
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/* will be and use this value to define current state. */ |
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if (INIT==1) { |
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cm_analog_alloc(TRUE,sizeof(Boolean_t)); |
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if (INIT==1) { |
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cm_analog_alloc(TRUE,sizeof(Boolean_t)); |
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hyst_state = (Boolean_t *) cm_analog_get_ptr(TRUE,0); |
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old_hyst_state = (Boolean_t *) cm_analog_get_ptr(TRUE,1); |
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if (in < x_rise_zero + input_domain) { /* Set state to X_RISING */ |
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*old_hyst_state = X_RISING; |
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*old_hyst_state = X_RISING; |
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} else { |
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*old_hyst_state = X_FALLING; |
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} |
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else { |
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*old_hyst_state = X_FALLING; |
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} |
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} |
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else { /* Allocation not necessary...retrieve previous values */ |
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} else { /* Allocation not necessary...retrieve previous values */ |
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hyst_state = (Boolean_t *) cm_analog_get_ptr(TRUE,0); /* Set out pointer to current |
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time storage */ |
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old_hyst_state = (Boolean_t *) cm_analog_get_ptr(TRUE,1); /* Set old-output-state pointer |
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to previous time storage */ |
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hyst_state = (Boolean_t *) cm_analog_get_ptr(TRUE,0); /* Set out pointer to current |
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time storage */ |
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old_hyst_state = (Boolean_t *) cm_analog_get_ptr(TRUE,1); /* Set old-output-state pointer |
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to previous time storage */ |
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} |
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/** Set *hyst_out = *old_hyst_out, unless changed below... |
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we don't need the last iteration value of *hyst_state. **/ |
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@ -486,29 +497,25 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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/*** Calculate value of hyst_state, pout_pin.... ***/ |
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if (*old_hyst_state == X_RISING) { /* Assume calculations on lower */ |
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/* hysteresis section (x rising) */ |
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/* hysteresis section (x rising) */ |
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if ( in <= x_rise_linear - input_domain ) { /* Output @ lower limit */ |
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out = out_lower_limit; |
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pout_pin = 0.0; |
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} |
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else { |
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} else { |
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if ( in <= x_rise_linear + input_domain ) { /* lower smoothing region */ |
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cm_smooth_corner(in,x_rise_linear,out_lower_limit,input_domain, |
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0.0,slope,&out,&pout_pin); |
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} |
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else { |
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if (in <= x_rise_zero - input_domain) { /* Rising linear region */ |
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0.0,slope,&out,&pout_pin); |
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} else { |
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if (in <= x_rise_zero - input_domain) { /* Rising linear region */ |
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out = (in - x_rise_linear)*slope + out_lower_limit; |
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pout_pin = slope; |
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} |
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else { |
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if (in <= x_rise_zero + input_domain) { /* Upper smoothing region */ |
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} else { |
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if (in <= x_rise_zero + input_domain) { /* Upper smoothing region */ |
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cm_smooth_corner(in,x_rise_zero,out_upper_limit,input_domain, |
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slope,0.0,&out,&pout_pin); |
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} |
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else { /* input has transitioned to X_FALLING region... */ |
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slope,0.0,&out,&pout_pin); |
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} else { /* input has transitioned to X_FALLING region... */ |
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out = out_upper_limit; |
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pout_pin = 0.0; |
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*hyst_state = X_FALLING; |
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@ -516,30 +523,25 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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else { /* Assume calculations on upper hysteresis section (x falling) */ |
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} else { /* Assume calculations on upper hysteresis section (x falling) */ |
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if ( in >= x_fall_linear + input_domain ) { /* Output @ upper limit */ |
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out = out_upper_limit; |
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pout_pin = 0.0; |
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} |
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else { |
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} else { |
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if ( in >= x_fall_linear - input_domain ) { /* Upper smoothing region */ |
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cm_smooth_corner(in,x_fall_linear,out_upper_limit,input_domain, |
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slope,0.0,&out,&pout_pin); |
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} |
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else { |
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if (in >= x_fall_zero + input_domain) { /* Falling linear region */ |
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slope,0.0,&out,&pout_pin); |
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} else { |
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if (in >= x_fall_zero + input_domain) { /* Falling linear region */ |
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out = (in - x_fall_zero)*slope + out_lower_limit; |
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pout_pin = slope; |
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} |
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else { |
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if (in >= x_fall_zero - input_domain) { /* Lower smoothing region */ |
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} else { |
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if (in >= x_fall_zero - input_domain) { /* Lower smoothing region */ |
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cm_smooth_corner(in,x_fall_zero,out_lower_limit,input_domain, |
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0.0,slope,&out,&pout_pin); |
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} |
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else { /* input has transitioned to X_RISING region... */ |
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0.0,slope,&out,&pout_pin); |
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} else { /* input has transitioned to X_RISING region... */ |
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out = out_lower_limit; |
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pout_pin = 0.0; |
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*hyst_state = X_RISING; |
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@ -552,12 +554,11 @@ void cm_core(ARGS) /* structure holding parms, |
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if (ANALYSIS != MIF_AC) { /* DC & Transient Analyses */ |
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OUTPUT(mc) = out; |
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PARTIAL(mc,mc) = pout_pin; |
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} |
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else { /* AC Analysis */ |
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OUTPUT(mc) = out; |
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PARTIAL(mc,mc) = pout_pin; |
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} else { /* AC Analysis */ |
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ac_gain.real = pout_pin; |
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ac_gain.imag= 0.0; |
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AC_GAIN(mc,mc) = ac_gain; |
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